Top 5 Issues for 2018: Transportation & Infrastructure: Emerging Transportation Technologies and Their Policy Implications
Issue: In 2017, 12 states approved self-driving vehicle-related legislation including measures to allow truck platooning, identify an agency to oversee testing and preempt local regulation. As the year wound down, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration released a streamlined version of policy guidance on automated driving systems and Congress was debating federal legislation that could preempt state authority in some areas. The growing use of drones in a variety of capacities also attracted the interest of states with 23 pieces of legislation enacted in 17 states. Federal drone legislation was also considered in conjunction with a reauthorization of the Federal Aviation Administration, but Congress ultimately approved just a six-month FAA extension that did not include drone language.
Autonomous Vehicles
2017 was a big year for autonomous vehicles—both in terms of state and federal policy and within the industry that is doing the research to bring self-driving cars to the nation’s roads. But if there is one metric that explains the urgency of the interest in this potentially game-changing technology it could be this one: In 2017, we learned that traffic deaths rose 5.6 percent in 2016. More than 37,400 people were killed. That was on top of an 8.4 percent increase in 2015, the single highest yearly jump in motor vehicle fatalities in 50 years.
Many within the industry and public policy communities have high hopes that self-driving cars can substantially reduce the 94 percent of traffic crashes caused by human error.
“The faster we can test and deploy these automated technologies, the more lives we’re going to save,” said Jonathan Weinberger, vice president of tech policy at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, during the June 2017 CSG Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Policy Academy in Detroit.
A variety of players made significant moves to test and deploy the technologies in 2017, including traditional automakers like General Motors and Ford, upstarts like Tesla, tech companies like the Google off-shoot Waymo, and ride-hailing innovators Uber and Lyft.
But the landscape of efforts to regulate all that testing and deployment also became more complicated in 2017. Twelve states (AR, CA, CO, CT, GA, IL, NV, NY, NC, SC, TN, TX) approved self-driving vehicle-related legislation including measures to allow truck platooning, identify an agency to oversee testing and preempt local regulation. Two other states—North Dakota and Vermont—approved measures to study autonomous vehicles and their potential impacts.
This may not have been quite the tsunami of legislation that some had feared as the year began, but the measures add up to a variety of different approaches to encouraging the development of the industry around the country.
Two federal efforts in the Fall sought to provide some clarity and uniformity to these efforts. Congress debated the merits of legislation that would give federal law priority over state laws when it comes to regulating the safety and design of autonomous vehicles. And the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration released a revised version of a policy guidance document originally issued in 2016. It includes a section on “Best Practices for Legislatures Regarding Automated Driving System” in place of the previous version’s “Model State Policy” but remains largely unchanged in how it characterizes potential areas of state jurisdiction in this policy area, namely licensing and registration, traffic laws and regulations, safety inspections, and insurance and liability.
In addition to the policy concerns represented by autonomous vehicles, another hurdle for policymakers to overcome may be public acceptance.
Another presenter at the CSG policy academy in Detroit, Jennifer Ryan, director of state relations at AAA, said recent public opinion surveys of AAA members demonstrate the challenge that could lie ahead.
“Our survey found that despite the prospect that autonomous vehicles (can be) safer, more efficient and more convenient … three quarters of drivers report feeling afraid to ride in a self-driving car,” Ryan said. “About half of drivers feel less safe at the prospect of sharing the road with a fully automated vehicle and one-third felt that it wouldn’t make a difference. Only 10 percent report they would actually feel safer sharing the road with a driverless car.”
Fortunately for autonomous vehicle advocates, a couple of public education campaigns also got underway in late 2017. Computer chip-making tech company Intel produced a broadcast and digital ad campaign featuring NBA basketball star LeBron James aimed at building trust in self-driving cars. And the National Safety Council partnered with Waymo, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, the Foundation for Blind Children and others on a website called “Let’s Talk Self-Driving,” which touts the benefits of autonomous vehicles to end drunk driving, provide independence to seniors and individuals with disabilities, make daily commutes more productive, and improve safety on the nation’s roads.
Two Other Revolutions: Electrification and Shared-Use Mobility
While autonomous vehicles may have the potential to produce numerous benefits, many are hoping that their introduction into the marketplace and proliferation can be managed in such a way that it happens in conjunction with two other transportation technologies: the electrification of the vehicle fleet and the transition away from vehicle ownership to shared-used mobility via smartphone-enabled ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft.
“We think the most public benefits can be derived when we see these three revolutions happening concurrently,” said Mollie D’Agostino, outreach manager for a project called the 3 Revolutions Policy Initiative at the University of California-Davis, during the Detroit policy academy.
In 2017, the indicators for both electric vehicles and the ride-hailing industry were somewhat mixed. On electric vehicles:
- A study by AAA found that some 30 million people plan to make their next car an electric or hybrid vehicle.
- Ten states approved new fees for electric and/or hybrid vehicles to help pay for infrastructure in 2017. Many have also started to phase out the tax incentives and other measures enacted to entice drivers to purchase such vehicles.
- Volvo announced they would produce only electric or hybrid vehicles starting in 2019. General Motors said they too were envisioning an “all-electric future” although GM officials declined to give a date when the company would cease production of gas and diesel vehicles.
- A Dutch bank predicted that all new cars sold in Europe will be electric by 2035, driven by government support, falling battery costs and economies of scale. France and the United Kingdom both said they would ban sales of diesel and gasoline-fueled cars by 2040. Closer to home, a state lawmaker in California has suggested phasing out gas car sales in the Golden State by 2040.
- With demand for the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that go into electric cars soaring, some are concerned the demand could exceed the supply of raw materials that make up the batteries, including lithium and cobalt.
- To much fanfare, Tesla introduced the Model 3, its first mass-market electric car that comes equipped with the company’s autopilot feature. But in October, the company fired hundreds of workers after production delays.
- The governors of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming signed a memorandum of understanding to create a network of recharging stations that would allow electric vehicles to travel easily along the region’s 5,000 miles of freeway.
- A report from Morgan Stanley said $2.7 trillion in investment in electric vehicle infrastructure is needed in order to facilitate a fleet of 526 million vehicles expected to be on the nation’s roads in 2040.
The ride-hailing industry was also the subject of numerous stories in 2017. Among them:
- A University of Colorado study found that ride-hailing companies like Uber and Lyft add tons of traffic to Denver and Boulder streets. A study of seven major metropolitan areas from the UC Davis Institute of Transportation Studies found that while ride-hailing has caused a slight decrease in car ownership, it has also reduced the use of public transit, biking and walking and thus likely produced an increase in both traffic and the number of miles traveled in a vehicle.
- MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory said carpool services such as UberPool and Lyft Line could reduce the number of vehicles on the road by 75 percent.
- A Reuters/Ipsos poll of American adults who sold or traded in a vehicle over a recent 12-month period found that while most ended up getting another car, 9 percent of the group turned to ride-hailing services as their main way of getting around.
- Uber had a rough year marked by public relations crises, a sexual harassment scandal and the departure of founder and CEO Travis Kalanick. Competitor Lyft meanwhile reportedly expanded its service, grew its ridership and welcomed new investors.
- States like Florida, New York and Texas passed legislation to pre-empt local regulation of ride-hailing companies that included mandated driver background checks, insurance requirements and other measures which in some cases had prompted the companies to shut down operations in some cities.
The myriad policy issues involved in these three transformative transportation technologies appear likely to continue to be a focus for states in 2018 and beyond. Ensuring their convergence will challenge policymakers even more in the years ahead.
CSG Resources
- “Las Vegas Transportation Session Highlights Nevada ‘Firsts,’ Autonomous Vehicles,” CSG Blog Post/Meeting Summary, January 16, 2018.
- “Federal Autonomous Vehicle Legislation Hits a Speed Bump,” CSG Blog Post, December 5, 2017.
- “Recent Updates on Trump Infrastructure Plan, Autonomous Vehicle Policy,” CSG Blog Post, September 28, 2017.
- “State, Federal Roles on Autonomous Vehicles Could Come into Sharper Focus This Fall,” CSG Blog Post, September 7, 2017.
- “Drones and Insurance: Trends, Challenges and Policy Questions,” CSG Webinar, September 5, 2017.
- “Autonomous & Connected Vehicle Policy: Recent News, Updates and Reports,” CSG Blog Post, August 10, 2017.
- “CSG Autonomous & Connected Vehicle Policy Academy: Meeting Archive,” Summaries of sessions from the June 2017 event.
Further Reading: Autonomous Vehicles—State & Local Policies & Activities
- “Self-Driving Cars Are Coming. Oregon Isn’t Ready,” Willamette Week, January 17, 2018.
- “Kansas lawmakers preparing for full autonomous vehicles—and all the issues that come with them,” Lawrence Journal-World, January 16, 2018.
- “With Autonomous Cars, Who Buys the Insurance?” Next City, December 21, 2017.
- “(Ohio Department of Transportation) Autonomous Vehicle Testing Includes Smart Corridor Truck Applications,” Transport Topics, December 20, 2017.
- “American Center for Mobility Officially Opens, Announces 2018 Plans,” Xcomony, December 20, 2017.
- “Self-driving buses in Maine? Bill before the Legislature could make it happen,” Press Herald, December 19, 2017.
- “(Florida) Looks At Creating Authority To Oversee Autonomous Vehicles and ‘Alternative’ Transportation,” WLRN, December 11, 2017.
- “Driverless Cars Will Change Auto Insurance. Here’s How Insurers Can Adapt,” Harvard Business Review, December 5, 2017.
- “California DMV Ditches Rule to Limit Liability for Self-Driving Car Manufacturers,” Gizmodo, December 3, 2017.
- “(Indiana) ready to prep for self-driving cars,” The Herald Bulletin, November 17, 2017.
- “California may limit liability of self-driving carmakers,” ABC News, November 15, 2017.
- “California clears the way for testing of fully driverless cars. Local, federal interests have concerns,” Los Angeles Times, November 14, 2017.
- “If a Self-Driving Car Crashes, Who’s to Blame? Your Guess Is as Good as the Governor’s,” Phoenix New Times, November 9, 2017.
- “Scenario Planning for Automated Vehicles,” Eno Transportation Weekly, November 6, 2017.
- “Planning in the Face of Transportation Revolutions,” Planetizen, October 30, 2017.
- “How 53 Cities Are Preparing for Autonomous Vehicles,” Next City, October 24, 2017.
- “(New York City) mayor will fight ‘vigorously’ against Cuomo-approved autonomous vehicle tests,” Politico, October 19, 2017.
- “Self-driving cars could ease traffic, but increase sprawl,” Associated Press, October 17, 2017.
- “How will autonomous vehicles transform the built environment?” Brookings, October 16, 2017.
- “Self-driving cars are on a collision course with our crappy cities,” The Verge, October 13, 2017.
- “Why these cities are accelerating their autonomous vehicle initiatives,” Green Biz, October 13, 2017.
- “N.H. lawmakers consider driverless car testing by 2019,” Concord Monitor, October 11, 2017.
- “California wants to make your robocar dreams come true,” Wired, October 11, 2017.
- “California will soon allow self-driving cars to operate without a driver,” Business Insider, October 11, 2017.
- “This Fake City Promises Real Change for Transportation: Michigan’s Mcity is a digital ghost town where self-driving vehicles can be tested without real-world risk,” NBC News, October 10, 2017.
- “(Utah) Legislature working to pave way for driverless cars,” Deseret News, October 3, 2017.
- “Driverless vehicles could bring out the best—or worst—in our cities by transforming land use,” The Conversation, October 3, 2017.
- “Tennessee needs to clear path for driverless cars,” Knoxville News Sentinel, October 1, 2017.
- “New Mobility: Autonomous Vehicles and the Region,” Regional Plan Association (NY-NJ-CT metro area), October 2017.
- “Regulation of Self-Driving Cars Picking Up Speed in States,” State Net Capitol Journal, September 8, 2017.
- “More States Explore Truck-Platooning Technology and Regulations,” Future Structure, August 22, 2017.
- “Cash-strapped states eye self-driving car taxes,” The Detroit News, August 21, 2017.
- “Eight states enact rules on using autonomous vehicles,” Land Line Magazine, August 17, 2017.
- “How States Are Legislating Autonomous Vehicles (Interactive Map),” Future Structure, July 11, 2017.
- “(Albuquerque) Mayor opens city to self-driving cars,” Albuquerque Journal, July 7, 2017.
- “Phoenix emerging as Mich. rival for self-driving tests,” Detroit News, July 3, 2017.
- “Are states ready for self-driving cars?” USA Today, June 26, 2017.
Further Reading: Autonomous Vehicles—Federal Policy
- “A bill to put more self-driving cars on U.S. roads is stuck in the Senate,” Recode, January 18, 2018.
- “US will reveal revised autonomous car guidelines this summer,” Engadget, January 15, 2018.
- “US to ‘carefully’ consider GM petition to test self-driving car,” The Hill, January 15, 2018.
- “Trump official: Self-driving cars must benefit rural communities, not just cities,” USA Today, January 14, 2018.
- “U.S. Regulators Eye Policy for Autonomous Trucks, Buses,” Bloomberg Technology, January 10, 2018.
- “Autonomous Vehicle Bills Stuck in Park Until 2018,” Eno Transportation Weekly, December 21, 2017.
- “Feinstein Emerges as Newest Holdout on Self-Driving Vehicle Bill,” Bloomberg, December 14, 2017.
- “How safe is ‘safe enough’ to put driverless cars on the nation’s roadways?” The Washington Post, December 10, 2017.
- “Driverless car bill hits Senate speed bump,” The Hill, December 3, 2017.
- “The Enemy of Good: Estimating the Cost of Waiting for Nearly Perfect Automated Vehicles,” RAND Corporation, 2017
- “White House Nixes Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Requirement,” Government Technology, November 6, 2017.
- “Trump administration working to update driverless vehicle guidance,” The Hill, November 2, 2017.
- “USDOT Preparing Sweeping AV Policy Update, 3.0, Including Trucks and Buses,” Eno Transportation Weekly, October 30, 2017.
- “NHTSA seeks ways to clear the road for self-driving cars,” ZD Net, October 30, 2017.
- “The Senate’s Automated Driving Bill Could Squash State Authority,” Center for Internet and Society, October 23, 2017.
- “Congress’ Automated Driving Bills Are Both More and Less Than They Seem,” Center for Internet and Society, October 23, 2017.
- “Let’s Talk Self-Driving” public education campaign, National Safety Council.
- “Self-driving vehicles legislation making headway in Congress,” M Live, October 10, 2017.
- “Legislating Automation: How Congress is Approaching Automated Vehicles,” Medium, October 10, 2017.
- “Another deadly year on U.S. roads,” Politico Morning Transportation, October 10, 2017.
- “USDOT Releases 2016 Fatal Traffic Crash Data,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, October 6, 2017.
- “Senate Committee Advances Automated Vehicle Bill With State Protections,” AASHTO Journal, October 6, 2017.
- “The Challenge in Establishing Driverless Regulations,” Driving Towards Driverless Cars, October 5, 2017.
- “Congress Poised to Let Autonomous Car Companies Run Wild in Cities,” Streetsblog USA, October 5, 2017.
- “Senate Committee Approves Self-Driving Vehicles Bill Without Trucking Policy,” Transport Topics, October 4, 2017.
- “U.S. Senate panel puts self-driving cars in fast lane,” Reuters, October 4, 2017.
- “FHWA Demonstrates 3-Truck Platoon in Virginia,” Transport Topics, September 15, 2017.
- “Lawmakers, Officials Explore Automation Issues for Big Rigs, Buses on Road System,” AASHTO Journal, September 15, 2017.
- “US updates self-driving car guidelines as more hit the road,” Associated Press, September 12, 2017.
- “Updated federal driverless policy continues, and expands, hands-off approach,” The Washington Post, September 12, 2017.
- “Automated Driving Systems: A Vision for Safety 2.0,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, September 12, 2017.
- “House Passes Landmark Automated Vehicle Legislation; State Groups Raise Concerns,” AASHTO Journal, September 8, 2017.
Further Reading: Autonomous Vehicles—Industry
- “Uber nearing autonomous cars without human backup driver,” Associated Press, January 19, 2018.
- “At Detroit auto show, autonomous future starts to feel tangible,” Crain’s Detroit Business, January 14, 2018.
- “GM just introduced a self-driving car without a steering wheel,” CNN, January 12, 2018.
- “G.M. Says Its Driverless Car Could Be in Fleets by Next Year,” The New York Times, January 12, 2018.
- “The Driverless Revolution Isn’t Coming Anytime Soon,” Medium, January 12, 2018.
- “AAA and Torc Robotics Will Develop Self-Driving Car Safety Criteria,” The Drive, January 10, 2018.
- “Self-driving car tech will accelerate in 2018—but expect crashes, too,” San Francisco Chronicle, December 23, 2017.
- “Driverless Cars Could Make Transportation Free for Everyone—With a Catch,” CityLab, December 22, 2017.
- “Apple just patented a navigation system for self-driving cars,” CNBC, December 21, 2017.
- “Self-Driving Vehicle Proving Ground Opens Near Detroit,” Detroit Free Press, December 19, 2017.
- “Riders in Waymo’s self-driving cars will now be insured,” The Verge, December 19, 2017.
- “Are we going too fast on driverless cars?” Science magazine, December 14, 2017.
- “The 5G Network Probably Won’t Be Good Enough for Self-Driving Cars,” Vice Motherboard, December 13, 2017.
- “Lidar costs $75,000 per car. If the price doesn’t drop to a few hundred bucks, driverless cars won’t go mass market,” Los Angeles Times, December 11, 2017.
- “Foxconn’s plans to use driverless vehicles points to potential of emerging technology,” Journal Sentinel, December 8, 2017.
- “G.M. Unveils Its Driverless Cars, Aiming to Lead the Pack,” The New York Times, November 29, 2017.
- “Feds Take Hands-Off Approach to Driverless Tech, Worrying Consumer Groups,” Car and Driver, November 13, 2017.
- “Self-Driving Trucks May Be Closer Than They Appear,” The New York Times, November 13, 2017.
- “Self-Driving Shuttle Buses Might Be the Future of Transportation,” Wired, November 10, 2017.
- “New Report Suggests Workforce, Safety Concerns for Automated Trucks Are Overblown,” Eno Transportation Weekly, November 6, 2017.
- “Can Ford Turn Itself Into a Tech Company?” The New York Times, November 9, 2017.
- “Meet the Woman Making Uber’s Self-Driving Cars Smarter, Cheaper,” Wired, November 8, 2017.
- “Waymo’s Autonomous Cars Cut Out Human Drivers in Road Tests,” The New York Times, November 7, 2017.
- “Waymo has a big lead in driverless cars—but here’s how it could lose it,” Ars Technica, October 31, 2017.
- “To Let Self-Driving Cars Go Anywhere, Train Them Everywhere,” Wired, October 27, 2017.
- “Alphabet looks to snowy Michigan to test self-driving cars,” Reuters, October 26, 2017.
- “Elon Musk Was Wrong About Self-Driving Teslas,” Bloomberg Technology, October 25, 2017.
- “Are those 80,000 pound trucks tailgating each other? Soon it may be perfectly normal—and safe,” The Washington Post, October 22, 2017.
- “Gauging investment in self-driving cars,” Brookings, October 16, 2017.
- “Alphabet is training law enforcement on how to handle self-driving car crashes,” Recode, October 15, 2017.
- “No One Knows What a Self-Driving Car is, And It’s Becoming a Problem,” Wired, October 12, 2017.
- “Waymo gives federal officials a detailed safety report on self-driving vehicles,” The Washington Post, October 12, 2017.
- “GM’s latest purchase: A company that could help it ‘remove the driver from the vehicle,’” The Washington Post, October 9, 2017.
- “GM more than doubles self-driving car test fleet in California,” Reuters, October 4, 2017.
- “Fully driverless cars could be months away,” Ars Technica, October 3, 2017.
- “The One Simple Reason Nobody is Talking Realistically about Driverless Cars,” Car and Driver, October 2017.
- “Major Heavy-Truck Maker Says It Is Testing Platoons on Oregon, Nevada Highways,” AASHTO Journal, September 29, 2017.
- “Uber’s Self-Driving Cars Promised Pittsburgh a Revolution. But for Whom?” Huffington Post, September 29, 2017.
- “Tesla could have millions of cars on the road by 2023—taking a huge lead in the self-driving car race,” Business Insider, September 26, 2016.
- “Autonomous Vehicles’ Future May Be Further Away, Different Than Imagined,” Future Structure, September 19, 2017.
- “Uber’s Self-Driving Fleet Logs More Than 1 Million Autonomous Miles in First Year,” Transport Topics, September 14, 2017.
- “How to win in the autonomous taxi space,” Tech Crunch, September 14, 2017.
- “Here’s When Having a Self-Driving Car Will Be a Normal Thing,” Fortune, September 13, 2017.
- “Lyft is Launching a Fleet of Self-Driving Cars in San Francisco,” Wired, September 7, 2017.
- “Ford’s Robocar Delivers Pizza in the Name of Science,” Wired, August 29, 2017.
- “Autonomous cars race narrows on doubts about clear path to profit,” Reuters, August 8, 2017.
- “Lyft Says, ‘Me Too!’ and Dives Into the Self-Driving Game,” Wired, July 21, 2017.
- “Audi’s new A8 will have Level 3 autonomy via ‘traffic jam pilot,’” Tech Crunch, July 11, 2017.
- “Driverless cars: Who’s doing what, and how it impacts urban transportation: The carmakers, startups and planners reshaping urban mobility,” Curbed, July 7, 2017.
- “Self-driving car timeline for 11 top automakers,” Venture Beat, June 4, 2017.
Further Reading: Drones
- “Michigan task force suggests drone use limits to lawmakers,” Associated Press, December 3, 2017.
- “Trump administration to allow quick and dramatic expansion of drone use,” The Washington Post, October 25, 2017.
- “A U.S. drone advisory group has been meeting in secret for months. It hasn’t gone well,” The Washington Post, October 23, 2017.
- “In the future, drones will charge your electric car while you’re driving,” Quartz, October 17, 2017.
- “Drones Meet Last-Mile Delivery,” Tech Story, August 22, 2017.
- “The Drones Are Coming. Is Your Government Ready?” Governing, July 31, 2017.
- “Amazon’s delivery drone hive patent is an urban planning nightmare,” Popular Science, July 11, 2017.
- “Lawmakers Look to Boost Local Control Over Drone Regulation,” Morning Consult, July 5, 2017.
- “How State Agencies are Using Drones,” Commercial UAV News, January 18, 2017.
Further Reading: Electric Vehicles
- “EV roadmap: How the big brands will deliver electric vehicles in the years ahead,” Car Advice, January 1, 2018.
- “Bills Would Raise Fees for N.H.’s Electric and Hybrid Car Owners,” New Hampshire Public Radio, January 1, 2018.
- “2018 will be the year of the electric car,” CNN, December 21, 2017.
- “What Needs to Happen Before Electric Cars Take Over the World,” The New York Times, December 18, 2017.
- “Tax Breaks for Oil, Wind, Electric Cars Survive in Senate Bill,” Bloomberg, November 10, 2017.
- “Who Should Pay for Electric Vehicle Chargers? Who Should Profit?” Forbes, November 8, 2017.
- “Congress’ Plan to Kill the Electric Car Tax Credit Could Kill Electric Cars,” Wired, November 4, 2017.
- “GOP Tax Plan Would Affect Bonding, Transit Benefits; End Credit for Electric Vehicles,” AASHTO Journal, November 3, 2017.
- “Opinion: Automakers Shouldn’t Fight Emissions Standards,” The New York Times, October 19, 2017.
- “The growing list of countries vowing to ban the sale of gas-powered cars,” Quartz, October 17, 2017.
- “Paris hopes to ban gas-powered cars in the city by 2030,” Associated Press, October 12, 2017.
- “The World Must Spend $2.7 Trillion on Charging Stations for Tesla to Fly,” Bloomberg, October 11, 2017.
- “Do Automakers dream of electric cars?” The Washington Post, October 11, 2017.
- “China Hastens the World Toward an Electric-Car Future,” The New York Times, October 9, 2017.
- “Western guvs pledge to create regional recharging network for electric cars,” The Salt Lake Tribune, October 4, 2017.
- “Death of gas and diesel begins as GM announces plans for ‘all-electric future,’” The Washington Post, October 2, 2017.
- “(California) State Lawmaker Suggest Phasing Out Gas Car Sales by 2040,” Fox 40, September 29, 2017.
- “National Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Analysis,” U.S. Department of Energy, September 2017.
- “Tesla’s Model 3 is Here, And It’s Much More Than An Electric Car,” Wired, July 29, 2017.
- “Electric cars won’t bring down oil prices anytime soon,” Business Insider, July 29, 2017.
- “U.K. Joins France, Says Goodbye to Fossil-Fuel Cars by 2040,” Bloomberg, July 26, 2017.
- “The Problem That Could Derail the Electric Car Revolution,” Jalopnik, July 18, 2017.
- “Electric cars to account for all new vehicle sales in Europe by 2035,” The Guardian, July 13, 2017.
- “When Will Electric Cars Go Mainstream? It May Be Sooner Than You Think,” The New York Times, July 8, 2017.
- “Volvo Makes History in Embrace of Electric Vehicle Technology,” Planetizen, July 6, 2017.
- “Volvo, Betting on Electric, Moves to Phase Out Conventional Engines,” The New York Times, July 5, 2017.
- “States yanking electric-car incentives and slapping on new fees to pay for infrastructure,” CNBC, July 3, 2017.
- “Electric cars popularity growing,” The Free Lance-Star, April 23, 2017.
Further Reading: Ride-Hailing
- “Uber Says Small Town Public Transit Partnerships Are ‘Critical’ to Its Success,” Motherboard, January 19, 2018.
- “Lyft grows gangbusters in 2017, bringing competition to Uber,” CNET, January 16, 2018.
- “Lyft says nearly 250K of its passengers ditched a personal car in 2017,” Tech Crunch, January 16, 2018.
- “To Measure the ‘Uber Effect,’ Cities Get Creative,” City Lab, January 12, 2018.
- “Your Uber Car Creates Congestion. Should You Pay a Fee to Ride?” The New York Times, December 26, 2017.
- “How to Fix New York City’s ‘Unsustainable’ Traffic Woes,” CityLab, December 21, 2017.
- “Uber’s Dismal 2017 Ends in Regulatory Armageddon,” Vanity Fair Hive, December 20, 2017.
- “Airports Are Losing Money as Ride-Hailing Services Grow,” The New York Times, December 11, 2017.
- “Are Uber and Lyft cutting into Metro’s ridership?” The Washington Post, December 3, 2017.
- “D.C. Gives Uber and Lyft a Better Spot in Nightlife,” City Lab, October 25, 2017.
- “Orange and L.A. county transportation agencies to offer own ride-sharing services,” Daily Breeze, October 25, 2017.
- “LA Looks to Rideshare to Build the Future of Public Transit,” Wired, October 24, 2017.
- “Alphabet Unit Leads $1 Billion Investment in Lyft,” Bloomberg Technology, October 19, 2017.
- “What $16M from Uber, Lyft Could Do For Chicago Public Transit,” Next City, October 19, 2017.
- “If You Drive Less Than 10,000 Miles a Year, You Probably Shouldn’t Own a Car,” City Lab, October 16, 2017.
- “The Ride-Hailing Effect: More Cars, More Trips, More Miles,” CityLab, October 12, 2017.
- “New Research on How Ride-Hailing Impacts Travel Behavior,” Planetizen, October 11, 2017.
- “Could this study explain why Metro is losing riders to Uber and Lyft?” The Washington Post, October 11, 2017.
- “Uber, Lyft reduce transit use, increase vehicle miles, report says,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 11, 2017.
- “Lyft seizes opportunity as Uber tries to outrun troubles,” Associated Press, September 2, 2017.
- “Consumers may buy fewer cars in areas served by Uber, Lyft: study,” Reuters, August 10, 2017.
- “Lyft, Uber Increasingly Offering Medical Transportation Services,” Huffington Post, August 7, 2017.
- “Lyft and Amtrak Partner on First Mile/Last Mile Problem,” Next City, August 2, 2017.
- “Commentary: What happens if Uber or Lyft outcompetes public transit,” Chicago Tribune, July 21, 2017.
- “Airport Parking Takes Hit From Uber, Lyft,” Stateline, July 18, 2017.
- “States Address Insurance Requirements for TNC Drivers,” State Net Capitol Journal, July 14, 2017.
- “States Over-Riding Local Riding Rules,” State New Capitol Journal, July 14, 2017.
- “Why it matters that Uber and Lyft are becoming more like public transit,” Quartz, July 7, 2017.
- “A Model for Regulating the Ride-Sharers,” Governing, June 29, 2017.
- “As Uber Crumbles, Lyft Builds Its Future,” Wired, June 14, 2017.
- “Why Uber Will Still Dominate,” CityLab, June 13, 2017.
- “10 percent of Americans plan to use Uber and Lyft instead of buying a new car,” News 4 Tucson, May 25, 2017.
- “Uber Freight makes official entrance into trucking market,” Logistics Management, May 18, 2017.
- “Study: Uber and Lyft Add Traffic, Reduce Efficiency on Denver and Boulder Roads,” Streetsblog Denver, March 29, 2017.
- “Study Explores the Impact of Uber on the Taxi Industry,” Forbes, January 26, 2017.
- “Setting Expectations for Mobility as a Service,” Planetizen, January 23, 2017.
- “Study: Uber, Lyft carpool services could reduce traffic by 75 percent,” The Mercury News, January 3, 2017.
Further Reading: Transportation & Technology
- “Kasich creates center to advance Ohio’s smart vehicle hopes,” Akron Beacon Journal, January 18, 2018.
- “Poll: Majority of Americans worried about sharing roads with driverless cars,” The Hill, January 16, 2018.
- “A Policymaker’s Guide to Connected Cars,” Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, January 16, 2018.
- “Columbus Bus Drivers Take Public Stand on Driverless Transit,” Next City, December 18, 2017.
- “3 Transportation Predictions for 2018,” U.S. News & World Report, December 15, 2017.
- “Major job losses—and gains—loom with autonomous vehicles,” New York Times Service, December 15, 2017.
- “Why Downtown Parking Garages May Be Headed for Extinction,” Stateline, December 12, 2017.
- “How Colorado is Trying to Stay Ahead of Evolving Transportation Technology,” Route Fifty, December 11, 2017.
- “Could driverless cars improve life for people with disabilities?” The Washington Post, December 2, 2017.
- “Driverless Cars Are Giving Engineers a Fuel Economy Headache,” Bloomberg Technology, October 11, 2017.
- “Will automation put an end to the American trucker?” The Guardian, October 10, 2017.
- “Buffett Bets Against Autonomous Trucks,” Logistics Viewpoints, October 9, 2017.
- “The Heterogenous Future of Urban Mobility,” CityLab, October 6, 2017.
- “Automation in Everyday Life,” Pew Research Center, October 4, 2017.
- “Travel Trends: Are They Changing?” Planetizen, October 4, 2017.
- “Professional drivers fear job loss to robotic cars,” Detroit News, September 26, 2017.
- “Hyperloop One Now Has $245 Million to Make the Transportation System a Reality,” Futurism, September 24, 2017.
- “Technology is Changing Transportation, and Cities Should Adapt,” Harvard Business Review, September 13, 2017.
- “Will Driverless Vehicles Create a Better Future?” Western City, September 2017.
- “Business models will drive the future of autonomous vehicles,” Tech Crunch, August 25, 2017.
- “Autonomous Vehicles and Streets: A Guide to Potential Impacts,” Planetizen, July 29, 2017.
- “Is Autopilot a Bad Idea? Why Ford, Google, Volvo and others think Tesla is wrong about automation,” Slate, July 6, 2017.
- “New report: Due to major transportation disruption, 95% of U.S. car miles will be traveled in self-driving, electric, shared vehicles by 2030,” RethinkX, May 2017.